了解和掌握下面网络相关的命令将会有助于您迅速地检测到网络故障所在，从而节省时间，提高效率。
Ping
Ping是测试网络联接状况以及信息包发送和接收状况非常有用的工具，是网络测试最
常用的命令。Ping向目标主机(地址)发送一个回送请求数据包，要求目标主机收到请求后给予答复，从而判断网络的响应时间和本机是否与目标主机(地址)联通。
如果执行Ping不成功，则可以预测故障出现在以下几个方面：网线故障，网络适配器配置不正确，IP地址不正确。如果执行Ping成功而网络仍无法使用，那么问题很可能出在网络系统的软件配置方面，Ping成功只能保证本机与目标主机间存在一条连通的物理路径。
命令格式：
ping IP地址或主机名 [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size]
参数含义：
-t不停地向目标主机发送数据；
-a 以IP地址格式来显示目标主机的网络地址 ；
-n count 指定要Ping多少次，具体次数由count来指定 ；
-l size 指定发送到目标主机的数据包的大小。
例如当您的机器不能访问Internet，首先您想确认是否是本地局域网的故障。假定局域网的代理服务器IP地址为202.168.0.1，您可以使用Ping避免202.168.0.1命令查看本机是否和代理服务器联通。又如，测试本机的网卡是否正确安装的常用命令是ping 127.0.0.1。
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Tracert
Tracert命令用来显示数据包到达目标主机所经过的路径，并显示到达每个节点的时间。命令功能同Ping类似，但它所获得的信息要比Ping命令详细得多，它把数据包所走的全部路径、节点的IP以及花费的时间都显示出来。该命令比较适用于大型网络。
命令格式：
tracert IP地址或主机名 [-d][-h maximumhops][-j host_list] [-w timeout]
参数含义：
-d 不解析目标主机的名字；
-h maximum_hops 指定搜索到目标地址的最大跳跃数；
-j host_list 按照主机列表中的地址释放源路由；
-w timeout 指定超时时间间隔，程序默认的时间单位是毫秒。
例如大家想要了解自己的计算机与目标主机www.128mn.com之间详细的传输路径信息，可以在MS-DOS方式输入tracert www.128mn.com。
如果我们在Tracert命令后面加上一些参数，还可以检测到其他更详细的信息，例如使用参数-d，可以指定程序在跟踪主机的路径信息时，同时也解析目标主机的域名。
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Netstat
Netstat命令可以帮助网络管理员了解网络的整体使用情况。它可以显示当前正在活动的网络连接的详细信息，例如显示网络连接、路由表和网络接口信息，可以统计目前总共有哪些网络连接正在运行。
利用命令参数，命令可以显示所有协议的使用状态，这些协议包括TCP协议、UDP协议以及IP协议等，另外还可以选择特定的协议并查看其具体信息，还能显示所有主机的端口号以及当前主机的详细路由信息。
命令格式：
netstat [-r] [-s] [-n] [-a]
参数含义：
-r 显示本机路由表的内容；
-s 显示每个协议的使用状态(包括TCP协议、UDP协议、IP协议)；
-n 以数字表格形式显示地址和端口；
-a 显示所有主机的端口号。
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Winipcfg
Winipcfg命令以窗口的形式显示IP协议的具体配置信息，命令可以显示网络适配器的物理地址、主机的IP地址、子网掩码以及默认网关等，还可以查看主机名、DNS服务器、节点类型等相关信息。其中网络适配器的物理地址在检测网络错误时非常有用。
命令格式：
winipcfg [/?] [/all]
参数含义：
/all 显示所有的有关IP地址的配置信息；
/batch [file] 将命令结果写入指定文件；
/renew_ all 重试所有网络适配器；
/release_all 释放所有网络适配器；
/renew N 复位网络适配器 N；
/release N 释放网络适配器 N。
在Microsoft的Windows 95及其以后的操作系统中，都可以运行以上命令。
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